Chapter 2

Newcomer Money Guides

Posted on February 27, 2016 by Melissa Hart

While beneficiary, collateral, and fair market value are familiar to many, these terms can be especially confusing to those with limited English-language skills. In an attempt to assist various people, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau has created the Newcomer’s Guides to Managing Money to provide recent immigrants with information about basic money decisions.  These guides offer brief suggestions to those who are new to the U.S. banking system.  The guides also include guidance for submitting and resolving problems with a financial product or service.

The Newcomer Guides include these topics:

  • Ways to receive your money, comparing cash, check, direct deposit, and debit cards.
  • Checklist for opening an account, to assist with starting a bank or credit union account.
  • Ways to pay your bills, providing guidance on whether to pay by check, debit card, credit card, or online.
  • Selecting financial products and services, providing assistance on deciding which financial services are right for various household situations.

Print copies of the guides can be ordered or downloaded. These publications are available to English and Spanish with additional languages to be offered in the future.

For additional information on money guides for newcomers:

Article #1
Article #2
Article #3

Teaching Suggestions

  • Have students ask people to create a list of financial planning terms that people find confusing.
  • Have students suggest methods to have people learn about confusing financial planning terms.

Discussion Questions 

  1. What financial problems might be encountered by people with limited English-language skills?
  2. What actions might be taken to assist various groups to better understand banking services and money management activities?
Categories: Bank Fees, Budget, Chapter 2, Chapter 4, Credit Cards, Debit Cards, Debt, Financial Services, Savings | Tags: , , | Leave a comment

Successful Financial Goals

Posted on February 20, 2016 by Melissa Hart

Financial goals are communicated in many formats, and are good to have. However, too often, a goal is lacking the “why.”  While various financial planning actions are beneficial, quite often, little thought is given to the motivation behind a certain goal. Without this “why,” minimal internal motivation is likely to be present to see a goal to completion. The “why” of a financial goal will help you persevere when encountering challenges that could derail your achievement of a goal.

Not being able to answer the “why” may indicate that the goal is not worth your efforts. The “why” will also assure that a goal provides a higher level of satisfaction when it is achieved.  The process may require a series of “why” questions as you respond to the initial “why.”

Instead of being an afterthought, the “why” of your financial goals should be a driving force in creating and achieving these personal economic objectives. Be able to decide if a goal is a result of advertising, societal influences, or reflective thought about your personal financial situation. This action should result in meaningful goals rather than just efforts to accumulate more money or more stuff.

For additional information on financial goals, click here.

Teaching Suggestions

  • Have students talk to people to create examples of financial goals.
  • Have students ask a series of “why” questions to help other people to better focus their personal financial goals.

Discussion Questions 

  1. What are common motivations that influence personal financial goals?
  2. How might a person better understand the motivation behind personal financial goals?
Categories: Chapter 1, Chapter 2, Financial Planning | Tags: , | Leave a comment

Low Gas Prices Are Set to Spur Holiday Spending

Posted on November 28, 2015 by Melissa Hart

“Falling gas prices have put consumers in a good mood.”

According to a survey conducted by the National Association of Convenience Stores (NACS), more than 4 in 5 Americans indicate falling gas prices impact their feelings about the nation’s economy and as a result they will spend more during the upcoming holiday season.  In fact, more than one in four consumers (26 percent) expect to increase their spending during the 2015 holiday season–a 7-point jump over the past month and the highest percentage this year.  Also the survey finds that women are more optimistic than men.  For retailers, this statistic is even more encouraging because women do more holiday shopping when compared to men.

For more information, click here.

Teaching Suggestions

You may want to use the information in this blog post and the original article to

  • Discuss how holiday spending impacts a family’s budget.
  • Describe methods that consumers can use to save the money and budget for holiday spending.

Discussion Questions

  1. Does the price of gasoline affect your spending on other items such as food, clothing, medicine, luxury items, and gifts?
  2. How can you avoid spending “too much” during the holiday season?
  3. What steps can you take to save the money needed for gifts and other holiday expenses?
Categories: Budget, Chapter 2, Chapter 6, Economy, Purchasing Strategies, Wise Shopping | Tags: , , , | Leave a comment

Financial Fragility of American Households

Posted on October 28, 2015 by Melissa Hart

A recent study from the Federal Reserve reports that almost half of consumers are not able to come up with $400 to cover an emergency expense.  In contrast, the study of 5,800 Americans reported that almost one-third of Americans believed their income would increase in the upcoming year.  However, many appear to be living one big expense away from financial disaster.

Other findings of the study include:

  • Forty-seven percent didn’t have the cash to pay for a $400 emergency expense.
  • One in five participants in the study reported spending amounts greater than their income.
  • “Underemployment” is a major concern for workers since part-time work often means a lack of benefits, especially health care coverage.
  • Nearly one in five Americans has nothing set aside for retirement; 39 percent of report that they have either given no thought or only a little to planning for retirement.

Despite these difficulties, Americans have seen a “mild” improvement in how they view their economic well-being since the recession ended. About 40 percent reported they were either “somewhat” or “much better” off than they were in 2009.

The report reflected that the recovery is only benefiting some.  About half of college-educated respondents said they are better off than in 2009; only 37 percent of those without a bachelor degree reported an improved economic situation.

For additional information on the financial fragility of Americans, click here.

Teaching Suggestions

  • Have students talk to various people about their economic situation compared with five years ago.
  • Have students create survey questions that might be used to measure the financial condition of a household.

Discussion Questions 

  1. What are common measurements of personal economic well-being?
  2. How might a person take action to improve personal economic well-being?
Categories: Chapter 1, Chapter 2, Financial Planning | Tags: , | Leave a comment

Teaching Financial Literacy

Posted on October 21, 2015 by Melissa Hart

While science, math, and history are vital for academic and career success, many high school graduates lack knowledge of basic money management skills.   Along with other subjects, effective financial education should be rigorous, relevant, meets standards, and have engaging learning experiences. Those teaching personal finance should be well-qualified and supported by adequate resources.

In recent years, financial education is referred to as financial literacy or financial capability.  In the past, these topics were taught in math, social studies, business and, consumer science (previously called home economics) courses.  More recently, an extensive number of free or low-cost financial literacy programs and resources have been developed.  Financial institutions, businesses, government agencies, professional associations, and non-profit organizations have collaborated in this effort.  The National Standards in K-12 Personal Finance Education, published by the Jump$tart Coalition for Personal Financial Literacy, provides teachers with a guidance.

For additional information on teaching financial literacy, click here.

Jump$tart Coalition for Personal Financial Literacy

Teaching Suggestions

  • Have students ask people to describe their definition of “financial literacy.”
  • Have students develop a learning activity to effectively teach financial literacy.

Discussion Questions 

  1. What are considered to be the main elements of financial literacy?
  2. Why is financial literacy important for all students?
Categories: Chapter 1, Chapter 2, Financial Planning | Tags: , | Leave a comment

Many Americans Have No Savings

Posted on August 26, 2015 by Melissa Hart

About three in ten Americans have no emergency savings, according to a study conducted by Bankrate.com. This number has increased in recent years, mainly due to the lack of growth in household income. Without an emergency fund, people tend to encounter even greater financial difficulties. A person will often use high-interest debt to cover unexpected expenses. In addition to the 29 percent with no savings, another 21 percent have less than three months worth of expenses saved.

For additional information on emergency savings, click here.

Teaching Suggestions

  • Have students ask several people who their might cope with a financial emergency.
  • Have students create a plan for creating a emergency savings fund.

Discussion Questions 

  1. What are methods that might be used to cope with a financial emergency?
  2. How might a person be encouraged to create an emergency fund?
Categories: Budget, Chapter 1, Chapter 2, Financial Planning, Retirement Planning, Savings | Tags: , | Leave a comment

Vital Financial Concepts To Teach Children

Posted on August 22, 2015 by Melissa Hart

Learning at home is the starting point for teaching children about money. These eleven key personal concepts should be explained and experienced by children as they are growing up:

  1. Saving
  2. Budget
  3. Loan
  4. Debt
  5. Interest
  6. Credit card
  7. Taxes
  8. Investment
  9. Stock
  10. 401(k)
  11. Credit score

The age at which these concepts are taught will vary.

For additional information on teaching vital personal finance concepts to children, click here.

Teaching Suggestions

  • Have students describe how they learned about these concepts.
  • Have students conduct a survey among young consumers to determine their knowledge of these topics.

Discussion Questions 

  1. What additional personal finance concepts might be added to this list?
  2. What actions might parents take to teach these concepts to their children?

 

Categories: Chapter 1, Chapter 2, Financial Planning | Tags: , | Leave a comment

Revising Dave Ramsey’s Baby Steps

Posted on August 19, 2015 by Melissa Hart

Dave Ramsey has taught and encouraged millions to get out of debt and to achieve an improved financial situation through his “seven baby steps,” which are: (1) establish a $1,000 emergency fund; (2) pay off debt; (3) save three to six months of expenses; (4) invest 15 percent of income in pre-tax retirement funds; (5) plan for the funding of the college education of children; (6) pay off mortgage as soon as possible; (7) build wealth and give.

An alternative perspective to this approach might be:

  1. Create a larger initial emergency fund.
  2. Instead of paying off the smallest debts first, pay off the ones with the highest interest.
  3. A minimum of six months for expenses is needed, with twelve months more realistic.
  4. Take advantage of any 401k matching offered by employers.
  5. College may not be the right educational choice for everyone. Also, those who go to college should be responsible for a portion of education costs.
  6. Home ownership may not be appropriate for everyone. When buying a home, paying off a mortgage may be a higher priority than saving for college to reduce the amount of interest paid.
  7. Making money, saving money, and donating to charity should be the main focus.

For additional information on personal financial planning actions, click here.

Teaching Suggestions

  • Have students survey others regarding their use of these personal financial planning suggestions.
  • Have students obtain additional financial planning suggestions using online research.

Discussion Questions 

  1. What do you believe are the most important actions that should be taken regarding wise personal financial planning?
  2. How would you communicate these financial planning actions to others?
Categories: Chapter 1, Chapter 2, Credit Cards, Debt, Financial Planning, Wise Shopping | Tags: , , | Leave a comment

Quiz: What’s Your Financial SPF Factor?

Posted on July 4, 2015 by Melissa Hart

“So put aside that beach read for a few minutes and take this quiz to assess your financial SPF factor.”

While most people recognize SPF as standing for sunscreen, SPF–as defined in this article stands for Save, Protect, and Fund.  After a brief explanation of each SPF financial term, the article asks 11 questions that someone can use to help gauge their financial knowledge and financial planning skills.

At the end of the quiz, you are also told how your answers stack up and then the article provides suggestions about how to improve not only your score, but also your ability to plan for your financial future and retirement.

For more information, click here.

Teaching Suggestions

You may want to use the information in this blog post and the original article to

  • Stress the importance of effective financial planning over your lifetime.
  • Begin a discussion about the benefits of long-term investments.
  • Review time value of money calculations.

Discussion Questions

  1. How can financial planning help you obtain your goals and objectives?
  2. Why should you begin investing sooner rather than later?
  3. A common problem for some people is they don’t have the money they need to begin an investment program. Given your current circumstances, what steps can you take to “find” the money to start an investment program?
Categories: Chapter 1, Chapter 2, Chapter_11, Financial Planning, Investments, Opportunity Costs, Time Value of Money | Tags: , , | Leave a comment

Reduced Money Worries

Posted on June 24, 2015 by Melissa Hart

To minimize money worries and achieve greater financial freedom, five steps are recommended:

1.  Budget – create a simple money plan to track income, expenses, and savings. Closely monitor small daily expenses, which can quickly add up to large amounts.

2. Reduce – avoid buying unnecessary and unfulfilling items that pile up and collect dust. Make a conscious choice to reduce your consumption and unneeded spending.

3. Recognize – avoid debt to purchase things that you believe will impress others.

4. Educate – learn as much as you can about wise money management and personal financial planning.

5.  Get started – take action today to spend less, save, and learn more about wise money choices. Your habits will not change overnight, but a small step toward financial security can occur immediately. Consistent action will make a difference.

For additional information on reducing money worries, click here.

Teaching Suggestions

  • Have students create a list of common causes of money worries.
  • Have students prepare a drama with suggested actions for reduced money worries.

Discussion Questions 

  1. What are common actions that can help reduce money worries?
  2. Why do people consistently behave in a manner that creates money worries?
Categories: Chapter 1, Chapter 2, Financial Planning, Wise Shopping | Tags: , | Leave a comment

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